Influence of Iqbal’s Educational Philosophy on Holistic Development: The Mediating Role of Transformative Self-Development and Self-Actualization

Abstract

Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, one of the most prominent Muslim philosophers, scholars, and reformers, presented a revolutionary Islamic educational philosophy whose principles continue to be researched and applied within contemporary educational systems worldwide. Pakistan’s existing education system, in particular, can benefit from embracing Iqbal’s transformative educational vision. The significance of this study lies in its emphasis on the purpose of youth existence, enabling them to reclaim their lost dignity and assume global leadership, as envisioned in the concept of the “Perfect Man.” The primary objective of this study is to examine the influence of Iqbal’s educational philosophy on holistic human development, with a specific focus on the mediating roles of transformative self-development and self-actualization. By highlighting these mediating constructs, the study underscores their critical role in fostering holistic development that balances intellectual, spiritual, emotional, and social dimensions of education. Such an approach enables the younger generation to cultivate spiritual awareness, intellectual growth, and moral consciousness. A quantitative research approach was employed to examine the impact of Iqbal’s Educational Philosophy (IEP) on Holistic Development (HD), mediated by Self-Actualization (SA) and Transformative Self-Development (TSD). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze direct and indirect relationships among the constructs using Smart PLS (version 24). The study population comprised undergraduate students from two public universities in Karachi. The randomly selected sample included 120 undergraduates (60 males and 60 females).The findings reveal a growing interest among students in Iqbal’s concepts of self-actualization and transformative self-development, which help them recognize their inner potential and accept responsibility for personal and societal transformation. The study recommends incorporating Iqbal’s educational philosophy into curricula  to cultivate adaptable, socially responsible, and future-ready generations.