ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF OPEN DEFECATION ON THE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN SCHOOL PREMISES, COLLEGE HOSTELS, AND TOILET FACILITIES: A CASE STUDY OF SULTAN ABDULRAHMAN COLLEGE OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY, GWADABAWA, SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Open defecation remains a major public health and environmental concern in many developing regions, particularly within academic institutions where sanitation infrastructure is often inadequate. This paper investigates the environmental impact of open defecation in Sultan Abdulrahman College of Health Technology, Gwadabawa, Sokoto State. The study focused on key areas including school premises, college hostels, and toilet facilities. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, data were collected through structured questionnaires and on-site observations involving students, staff, and support personnel. Results indicated that poor maintenance of toilet facilities, limited access to functional toilets, and inadequate hygiene awareness are the primary drivers of open defecation. Consequences observed include environmental pollution, water contamination, foul odors, and increased risk of waterborne diseases such as cholera and dysentery. The findings highlight the urgent need for improved sanitation infrastructure, regular facility maintenance, and targeted hygiene education among students and staff. The paper concludes that addressing open defecation in tertiary institutions is essential for fostering a clean learning environment and safeguarding public health. Recommendations are made for institutional policy changes and increased investment in sanitation services.